岩体质量Q系统分类法及其应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

康小兵  许模  陈旭 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2008,19(4)

岩体质量分类Q系统(以下简称Q系统)是目前应用最广的岩体质量分类方法之一。该方法是1974年挪威的巴顿(Barton)等人建立起来的,并且在长期工程实践中进行过多次修正。论文详细介绍了巴顿于2002年最新修正后的Q系统,并成功应用于西南某水电站坝址区岩体质量分级研究中。最后与其他分级方法进行了对比分析,显示了很好的相关性。  相似文献   

Combination Features, Paleobiogeographic Affinity and Mass Extinction of the Latest Ordovician （Hirnantian） Rugosan Fauna from Northern Guizhou, China          下载免费PDF全文

HE Xinyi CHEN Jianqiang XIAO Jingyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):23-41

The rugosan fauna from the Guanyinqiao Bed （latest Ordovician, Hirnantian） of northern Guizhou, China is known to belong to the cold or cool-water type corals. The components of the fauna are solitary corals only, and corallite septa are generally strongly dilated, especially the streptelasmatid corals are dominant comprising 98% of the whole fauna. The Guanyinqiao Bed is rich in rugosans of 18 genera, which are streptelasnmtid Streptelasma （=Helicelasma）, Brachyelasma, Amplexobrachyelasma, Salvadorea, Grewingkia, Borelasma, CrassUasma, Leolasma, KenophyUum, UUernelasma, Paramplexoides, Siphonolasma, Pycnactoides, Dalmanophyllum, Bodophyllum, Axiphoria, Lambeophyllum and cystiphyllid Sinkiangolasma. Although this fauna was fairly abundant in a confined area （northern-northeastern Guizhou, southern Sichuan） during the Hirnantian age, the rugosan mass extinction （generic extinction rate 81%） happened at the end of the Hirnantian Stage. It is conduded that the mass extinction is related to the ending of maximum glaciation and ice cap melting in Gondwana in the southern hemisphere in the latest Hirnantian, resulting in rapid global sea-level rise in the earliest Silurian. In the Upper Yangtze Basin, the sea bottom environments were replaced by anoxic and warmer water during that time, so that the cool-water type rugosan became extinct. The present paper attempts to revise some already described rugose coral genera and species （He, 1978, 1985） and to supplement a few new forms from the Guanyinqiao Bed. Fourteen species of 12 genera are re-described and illustrated, of which one species- Grewingkia latifossulata is new. As a whole, the rugosan fauna of the Guanyinqiao Bed may be correlated with those contemporaneous of North Europe, Estonia and North America, indicating a dose biogeographic affinity to North Europe.  相似文献   

加强深层次科学研究，使青藏高原地质调查的成果再上一台阶——大陆动力学实验室青藏高原研究的最新进展（代序）     

许志琴 《地质通报》2007,26(10):1235-1239

近年来对青藏高原拉萨地体中超高压变质带的发现,北部与南部高压/超高压变质作用的深入研究,周缘造山带崛起时限和机制的初步查明,大型走滑断裂的年代学、运动学、动力学和定量研究的进展,以及雅鲁藏布江缝合带中罗布莎地幔岩新矿物研究的突破,说明要使青藏高原地质调查成果再上一台阶,必须加强深层次的科学研究。  相似文献   

扬子海盆奥陶纪末介壳动物群的分布及其古地理意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何卫红  卜建军 《地球科学》2003,28(3):261-267

通过奥陶纪末扬子海盆介壳动物群生态组合的划分, 并结合介壳动物群产出的岩性特征的研究, 分析了当时海盆内部的沉积分异特点: 扬子海盆中部, 水体相对较深, 为浅海较深水盆地, 指示的生态域 > BA4- 5;到海盆东部水体逐渐变浅, 生态域以BA4- 5为主; 海盆西部水体变得更浅, 生态域以 < BA3为主.此外, 将海盆划分为中部浅海深水黑色硅质页岩盆地、东、西部浅海碎屑岩和浅海碳酸岩-碎屑岩沉积盆地.从南往北, 进一步对以上3个沉积区进行了水体深浅变化的探讨, 并且认为: 海盆中部, 由西南往东北方向, 水体逐渐变深, 沉积中心位于湖北、湘中及湘北部分地区(桃园—安化一带); 海盆西部和东部, 从南往北, 水体均由浅变深(在海盆西部, 黔北生态域 < BA3, 川中至川东 < BA3, 川北和陕南为BA4;在海盆东部, 浙江桐庐、常山一带 < BA3, 安徽泾县和南京等地≥BA4- 5).此外, 根据生物群和岩性的空间变化, 认为扬子海盆以北面临大洋或洋盆.   相似文献   

Development of flood exposure in the Netherlands during the 20th and 21st century   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Hans de Moel  Jeroen C.J.H. AertsEric Koomen 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):620-627

Flood risks of deltaic areas increase because of population growth, economic development, land subsidence and climatic changes such as sea-level rise. In this study, we analyze trends in flood exposure by combining spatially explicit historical, present, and future land-use data with detailed information on the maximum flood inundation in the Netherlands. We show that the total amount of urban area that can potentially become inundated due to floods from the sea or main rivers has increased six-fold during the 20th century, and may double again during the 21st century. Moreover, these developments took, and probably will take, place in areas with progressively higher potential inundation depths. Potential flood damage has increased exponentially over the 20th century (16 times) and is expected to continue to increase exponentially (∼ten-fold by 2100 with respect to 2000) assuming a high economic growth scenario. Flood damages increase more moderately (two- to three-fold by 2100 with respect to 2000) assuming a low growth scenario. The capacity to deal with catastrophic flood losses - expressed as the ratio damage/GDP - will, however, decrease slightly in the low growth scenario (by about 20%). This trend deviates from the historical trend of the 20th century, which shows an increasing capacity to cope with flood damage (almost doubling). Under the high growth scenario the capacity to deal with such losses eventually increases slightly (by about 25%). These findings illustrate that, despite higher projections of potential flood damage, high economic growth scenarios may not necessarily be worse than low growth scenarios in terms of the impact of floods.  相似文献   

云南丽江古近纪风成沉积的发现及其气候意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

伍皓  崔晓庄  熊国庆  张予杰  江新胜 《沉积与特提斯地质》2011,31(1):13-18

云南丽江地区宝相寺组（E2b）下部（原美乐组）一直被认为是水成沉积,本文认为其属于风成沉积。宝相寺组下部巨厚砂岩的主体岩性为紫红色中细粒石英砂岩,不含泥质和云母等悬移质,大型高角度平板状交错层理发育,厚度巨大,风成沙丘前积层特征明显。石英砂的磨圆度高,在电子显微镜下普遍可见风成砂所特有的碟形撞击坑、新月型撞击坑及毛玻璃化表面等特征,可能为沙漠风成沙丘沉积。研究区古近纪以来的沉积特征表明,青藏高原东部的气候经历了一个由干旱到潮湿的重大转变。推测这种气候转变可能是始新世、渐新世之交全球变冷变干事件（EOGM）在青藏高原东部的沉积响应,也可能与青藏高原初次快速隆升及东亚古季风的开始形成有关。  相似文献   

The Sun City Wars: Chapter 3     

《Urban geography》2013,34(7):627-648

A revealing indicator of social fragmentation in metropolitan America is the proliferation of common interest developments (CIDs), communities defined by restrictive covenants, deed restrictions, community associations, and citizens groups that wield substantial political influence and power. In Phoenix, large-scale retirement communities represent a conspicuous form of CID, populated by Anglo, middle, and upper-middle class elderly migrants who display high levels of political organization and participation. We present a case study of heated conflict between retirees in Sun City West—who see themselves as separate from the larger metropolitan region—and surrounding communities in the Dysart School District. The conflict is fraught with age, social class, and cultural tensions and evolves around seniors wielding political muscle in defeating school funding measures, controlling the Dysart governing board, and seeking to de-annex themselves out of the district to avoid paying school taxes. We argue that political conflict between advantaged seniors and neighboring working class Latino communities is symptomatic of troubling divisions across urban social space in America, raising thorny questions about the nature and scale of community, political representation and power, and fostering the public good in the face of "secession of the successful" from the larger polity.  相似文献   

压制琥珀的新认识     

王雅玫  杨明星  酉婷婷 《地质科学译丛》2012,(1):38-45

随着琥珀市场需求的增加及琥珀优化处理技术的改进与创新,压制琥珀呈现外观逼真、结构复杂、方法多样的新态势。利用宝石显微镜、偏光显微镜、红外光谱仪对压制金珀、压制血珀、＂爆花＂压制琥珀、烤色压制琥珀、压固蓝珀、压固胶结蓝珀、压制蜜蜡等样品的宝石学参数、显微结构、红外吸收光谱进行了研究与分析,结果显示,碎粒-碎粉结构、红色斑点结构、不含＂血丝＂状构造的粒状＂镶嵌＂结构、碎块胶结结构等是压制琥珀的结构鉴定特征;颗粒间分布的＂太阳光芒＂、紊乱流纹、叶脉状流纹、丝瓜瓤状流纹等是压制琥珀的内含物鉴定特征;若蓝珀中的红外光谱I=2 932cm-1/I=1 723cm-1处的吸收强度比值接近1∶1,暗示着该蓝珀可能经过了优化处理。  相似文献   

再论罗布泊"大耳朵"地区的干涸时间   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

钟骏平  马黎春  李保国  蒋平安  邱宏烈  武红旗 《干旱区地理》2008,31(1):10-16

在收集前人考察成果及各类遥感影像基础上,通过实地调查,对罗布泊"大耳朵"地区干涸时间获得若干新认识。经过对1958年航片重新解译,认为根据1958年航测资料估绘,于1963年出版的罗布泊1:100 000地形图在"大耳朵"地区标注地物属性不正确,1958年干涸的环状盐壳地貌已经形成,未被洪水淹没。盐沙包137Cs分析结果表明,高约1 m盐沙包自上世纪50年代以来含137Cs堆积层仅表层9 cm,证明1958年"大耳朵"未被洪水淹没。"大耳朵"地区干盐湖盐壳粉砂含量高达10%-30%,如此大量风尘堆积的存在,也说明其形成不可能在4~5年内完成。土壤下层湖积淤泥14C测定结果表明在剖面F01处全新世早、中期均为水淹没并植物茂盛,最上层位于深105 cm处淤泥距今3 000余年。罗布泊"大耳朵"地区除"耳心"在20世纪30年代还有水覆盖外,其余广大盐壳区主要是在全新世晚期,由西向东逐渐干涸,完成由淡水湖-半咸水湖-咸水湖-盐湖-干盐湖的转变。  相似文献   

铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望（Ⅰ）：材料、力学特性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李爱群  陈鑫  左晓宝 《地震学刊》2011,(1):1-14

综述了铁磁形状记忆合金（Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA）在材料研制和热磁力学特性方面的研究现状,对其存在的问题进行了分析并指出其发展方向。在材料研发方面,介绍了新型合金、Ni-Mn-Ga-X系列合金、复合材料和Ni_2MnGa系列合金;在热磁力学特性方面,介绍了形状记忆效应、应力一应变特性和磁致形状记忆效应,总结了当前研究的现状和不足。通过对FSMA材料本身特性和应用需求的综合分析,指出适于应用的新型FSMA在加工和连接性能以及复杂加载下的材料热磁力学性能等方面还需要进一步研究。  相似文献